The common noctule (Nyctalus noctula) is the largest bat species living in Lithuania. This species is widespread across Europe, Asia, and North Africa, in temperate and warm climate zones. In Lithuania, the noctule bat lives throughout the entire country, but is most common in the southeastern and southern parts, as well as in the Samogitia region. Breeding colonies are rarely found, with only a few known to exist.
Like most bats, the noctule bat orients itself perfectly in the dark using echolocation. This unique ability allows them to emit high-frequency ultrasonic pulses, which are inaudible to the human ear. By analyzing the returning echo, they create a “sonic map” of their surroundings. This enables them to precisely determine the distance to objects and detect insects flying in the air.
This is a migratory species: in late summer or autumn, they fly south and southwest, returning to Lithuania in the spring. Bats ringed in our country have been found as far away as Germany and the Czech Republic, more than 1600 km from their ringing sites. They migrate most intensively a few hours after sunset, flying in small groups of 3–6 individuals at an altitude of about 10–20 meters.
Although noctule bats most often live in tree cavities, they do not shy away from human proximity. During migration, these bats find shelter in birdhouses, under roofs, or even under loose tree bark.
The noctule bat is insectivorous and begins to fly even before dusk. It feeds on various insects: moths, mosquitoes, and beetles. Due to their strong jaws, they can easily handle even larger insects, such as cockchafers. Each bat has its own feeding territory where it hunts.
This animal was found in the Šilutė district and transferred to the museum in 2016.
The exhibit was prepared by Dalia Tumaitė.
